Faucet or stop-cock



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. L. BRANDEIS.

PAUOET 0R STOP 000K. No. 433,320. Patented July 29, 1890.

wime srses:

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

L. BRANDEIS. PAUGET 03 STOP 000K.

No. 433,320. Patented July 29, 1890.

n-w. Nowms'PzYEns co., mmomma, wAsMmcmJ UNITED STATES PATENT, .OFFICE.

LOUIS BRANDEIS, OF SPEN OER, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO FANNY M. BRAN- v DEIS, OF SAME PLACE, AND HOLLIS O. ROBERTSON,

YORK.

OF ELMIRA, NEIV FAUCET OR STOP-COCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 433,320, dated July 29, 1890.

Application filed March 20, 1890- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS BRANDEIS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Spencer, in the county of Tioga and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Faucets or Stop-Cocks; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact a description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical axial section of a faucet or stop cock constructed for use with washbowls or basins, showing the inlet-port closed. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional elevation showing the inlet-port open. Fig. 3 is also a vertical axial section of an ordinary faucet or stop-cock, showing the inlet-port closed; and Fig. l is a vertical sectional elevation showing the inlet-port open.

The primary object of the invention is to prevent leakage at the cap of stop-cocks, faucets, or bibs; also, the rattling noise usually produced under the pressure of the escaping liquid when the cap or valve-stem bearings become more or less loose by reason of wear or from other causes.

The invention has for its further object to dispense with the usual packing of the valvestem or the cap, orboth, and also the rattling or gurgling noise due to air or vapor combined with the liquid, this being more generally the case in hot-water faucets when more or less steam is combined with the water, and, lastly, the invention has for its object to produce a uniform flow of the liquid, whatever may be the pressure or head, so as to avoid the usual splashing or Spurting.

To these ends the ihvention consists in the peculiar construction of the stopcock and in the combination of its parts, as will now be fully described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

B indicates the barrel, B the extension thereof for connection with the supply-pipe, and e is the valve-seat.

' The first object of my invention-namely, the prevention of leakage around the valvestem or its bearings, or at the cap-I attain by Serial No. 344,597- (No model.)

dividing the stream of water as it passes out through the valve-port e causing a portion ings of all pressure and prevent the inflowin g 7 water from being forced along the valve-stem to the cap, I form on the valvestem V S a check a o in the form of an annular flange of such diameter as not to fit snugly or tightly in the barrel B, but simply to break theforee of the flow of water so that a comparatively sluggish stream will flow from above the check-valve to the outlet-branch B. In view, however, of the velocity of the main stream of water flowing directly from the valve-port to the outlet-branch B, a partial vacuum is created above the check-valve o n that will tend to accelerate the flow of the stream passing around and over the same. This result could, however, not be obtained if the valvestem or its hearings were tightly or approximately tightly packed in the barrel, for the reason that no air could enter, and the pressure above the check-valve would in a few seconds be equal to the head or pressure under which the water flows in. I therefore construct the valve-stem bearings so as not to fit tightly in the barrel, and so as to admit thereto the necessary quantity of air. By this construction I am enabled to dispense with the expensive labor of making these parts water-tight.

The valvestem V S is revoluble in the head of the valve V, and secured thereto by a nut 01, in a well-known manner. The valve V is considerably reduced in diameter between its head V and the flange or check-disk c e, which is formed integral with the Valve, and below which the valve-face is formed, which is the only part that requires to be ground true, though even this may be dispensed with by using a more or less compressible facing e as, for instance, a disk of rubber or leather secured to the valve by a screw u, as is com mon.

The cap 0 and barrel B may be threaded so as to adapt the former to screw upon or into the latter, and in said cap is formed the screw-thread, in which works the threaded In order to insure the division of the streamof liquid, I so proportion the retaining-nut n relatively to the cap as that said cap will form an abutment for said nut for limiting the upward movement of the valve-stem and valve, and the length of said nut will therefore necessarily depend upon the distance traveled by the valve from its seat to a point at which the stream will be properly divided. Consequently the distance between the cap and the nut a, when the valveV is on its seat, will be equal to the distance the valve can be moved to properly perform its functions.

I stated above that the nut 71 is proportioned relatively to the cap to limit the amplitude of motion of the valve in one direction. It will, however, be understood that when the barrel is long the length of the valveand its head may be correspondingly increased in order that said valve and nut may not be too much out of proportion.

The efliciency of the stop-cock will be somewhat increased by dividing the stream of water unequally, the stream flowing over the check-disk being the smaller, and this I attain by regulating the throw of the valve, so as to unequally divide the barrel-area and the port leading to the outlet-branch B, asshown in Fig. 2.

As neither the valve nor the check-disk or flange c '1), nor its head, nor the nut is fitted tightly into the barrel B, sufficient air can be drawn therethrough to accelerate the flow of the upper more sluggish stream, the lower stream flowing at full force, performing somewhat the same function as the steamjet in an injector or ejector.

It is also well known that in ordinary faucets, stop-cocks, or bibs exposed to very low temperatures,-the water remaining above the valve in the barrel, or such water as may have been forced around the valve-stem bearings, often freezes and splits the barrel, thereby causing serious damage. In my improved stop-cockthis cannot happen, as all the water will flow out after the valve is on its seat, owing to the inflow of air through the barrel, no water being held by capiliary attraction or by reason of a partial vacuum, as in ordinary stop-cocks.

To produce a more uniform flow of water practicallywithout splash, and also to avoid in hot-water faucets the usual rattling due to-the presence of steam as the water rushes past the valve-port, I reduce the diameter of the inflow relatively to the diameter of the outflowthat is to say, I employ an outletbranch B of greater cross-sectional area than the valve-port 12 as shown in Fig. 1, or than said valve-port and the inlet-branch B asshown in Fig. 2.

I am aware of the fact that attempts-have been made to'construct a faucet or stop-cock embodying in its operation substantially the principles involved in myinvention, as shown and described by Letters Patent of the United States, granted to F. A. Renton, August 2, 1881, No. 245,016. By a careful examination of the description and drawings it will be found to differ essentially and radically from my invention, in that the valve seats firmly against the valve-stem bearing or cap, practically closing the upper channel to any flow of water, except such as will be forced by the pressure of the stream between the valve and barrel, which is free to flow out through the relief-channel. Furthermore, there is practically no vacuum-chamber above the valve, nor is there any free access of air to the barrel through the cap except perhaps an accidental leakage by reason of the parts not being packed. On the other hand, there is a se rious difficulty in forming the partition that divides the outflow.

In my improved faucet or stop-cock an open-work cap can be used. Air has free ac-- cess to the chamber formed by the checkdisk 0 o above the same, a considerable volume of water passing around the check-disk to said chamber, while in view of the difference in the rapidity of the flow of the two streams the main stream will act as an injector or ejector jet and produce a vacuum above the check-valve, drawing inair freely, thus accelerating to a great extent the flow of the more sluggish stream.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

1. In a faucet or stopcock, the combination,wit-h the fluid-receiving chamber, an unobstructed or undivided discharge-port therefor, and an air-inlet in communication with said chamber and with the discharge-port, of a disk fitted loosely in the chamber and adapted to divide the same and the discharge-port into two chambers and ports,substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. In a faucet or stop-cock, the combination,with the fluid-receiving chamber, an unobstructed or undivided discharge-port there for, and an air-inlet in communication with said chamber and the discharge-port, of a ch eck.

in the formof a disk fitted loosely in the chamberand adapted to divide the same and the discharge-port into two fluid chambers and ports of unequal capacities, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In a faucet or stop-cock, the combination, with the fluid-receiving chamber pro- .vided with an inlet-port, an unobstructed or undivided discharge-port, and an air-inlet incommunication with the chamber and the the inlet-port, and a check in the form of a disk or flange adapted to move synchronously with the valve and to divide the receiving chamber and outlet-port into two chambers and ports, respectively, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. In a faucet or stop-cock, the combination, with the fluid-receiving chamber provided with an inletp0rt, an unobstructed or undivided discharge-port, and an air-inlet in communication with the chamber and the discharge-port, of avalve adapted to close the inlet port, and a check in the form of a disk or flange adapted to move synchronously with the valve and to divide the receivingchamber and outlet-port into two chambers and ports, respectively, of unequal capacities, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

, LOUIS BRANDEIS. Witnesses:

. VIC MILLER,

CORA E. KING. 

